motte-and-bailey
Say it: MOT-and-BAY-lee /ˌmɒt ən ˈbeɪli/ · noun
What “motte-and-bailey” means
Defending a bold claim by switching to a safer, weaker one.
More precisely: Defending a bold claim by retreating to a modest, easily defended one when challenged.
When to use it
When analysing arguments where someone retreats to an easier claim under criticism, then treats that defence as covering the original.
Memory trick
A motte is a fortified mound; a bailey is the more exposed courtyard beside it.
Similar words
bait and switch, equivocation
Where it comes from
Named after a medieval castle: a defensible mound (motte) next to an exposed courtyard (bailey).
Quick check
Someone claims all schools are useless, then retreats to 'some lessons could improve' when challenged. That move is…
a motte-and-bailey or a qualification?
Show the answer
a motte-and-bailey
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